studio portrait

studio portrait n Phot portrait m d'art.

noun Photography portrait m d'art

nome fot. fotografia f. d'artista

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nome fot. fotografia f. d'artista

studio ['stju:dɪəʊ] (pl studios)

noun

(of artist, photographer) atelier m, studio m; Radio, Television studio m;

∎ recording studio studio m d'enregistrement

►► American studio apartment studio m;

studio audience public m (présent lors de la diffusion ou de l'enregistrement d'une émission);

studio couch canapé-lit m, canapé m convertible;

British studio flat studio m;

studio portrait portrait m photographique;

Cinema the studio system l'hégémonie f des grands studios (hollywoodiens)

f arte photography; photograph

fotografia formato tessera passport-size photograph

fotografia aerea aerial photograph

fotografia a colori colo(u)r photograph

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fotografia s.f.

1 ( arte fotografica) photography: è un esperto in fotografia a colori, he's an expert in colour photography; seguire un corso di fotografia, to do a course in photography

2 ( immagine fotografica) photograph; (fam.) photo*, snap (shot), picture: fotografia in bianco e nero, a colori, black and white, colour photograph; fotografia al lampo di magnesio, flashlight photograph; fotografia istantanea, snap (shot); una fotografia sbiadita, sfocata, compromettente, a faded, blurred, compromising photograph; un album di fotografie, a photograph album; fare una fotografia a qlcu., to take a photograph (o a picture) of s.o.; farsi fare la fotografia, to have one's photograph taken; ritoccare una fotografia, to touch up a photograph; ho portato le fotografie del viaggio a sviluppare, I have left the holiday photos to be developed // fare la fotografia di una situazione, (fig.) to draw a picture of a situation.

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sostantivo femminile

1) (tecnica) photography

2) (immagine) photograph, picture

3) (rappresentazione fedele) picture

•

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fotografia

/fotogra'fia/

sostantivo f.

 1 (tecnica) photography

 2 (immagine) photograph, picture; fare o scattare una fotografia to take a photograph o picture; venire bene in fotografia to photograph well

 3 (rappresentazione fedele) picture

COMPOUNDS

fotografia d'artista studio portrait; fotografia istantanea snapshot, action shot.

- malarstwo portretowe portrait painting

- studium portretowe a portrait study; przen. (w literaturze, filmie) a portrayal

fotografia d'artista

studio portrait

\

→  fotografia

f di cavi, tubi laying

photography exposure

photography mettersi in posa pose

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posa s.f.

1 ( il porre) laying, placing, setting: la posa della prima pietra, the laying of the foundation stone; la posa di un cavo, di una mina, the laying of a cable, of a mine; la posa in opera di tubazioni, pipe-laying

2 ( il posare per un ritratto) sitting: fare un ritratto in tre pose, to paint a portrait in three sittings; mettersi in posa, to sit; si misero in posa per la foto, they posed for the photo // teatro di posa, studio

3 ( posizione) posture, position, attitude: una posa sguaiata, a slovenly posture; una posa solenne, a solemn attitude

4 (fig.) ( atteggiamento non spontaneo) pose: il suo amore per la campagna è solo una posa, his love for the country is only a pose; non assumere quella posa da superuomo, stop pretending to be (o posing as) a superman

5 (fot.) exposure: quante pose puoi fare?, how many exposures can you take?

6 ( posatura, deposito) sediment; dregs (pl.), lees (pl.): la posa del vino, wine dregs

7 (letter.) ( pausa) pause, stop; ( riposo) rest; (mus.) pause: senza posa, incessantly (o ceaselessly); non avere, trovare posa, to have, to find no rest.

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sostantivo femminile

1) (di piastrelle, cavo, binari ecc.) laying

2) art. fot. pose, sitting

3) fig. (atteggiamento) pose, attire

4) fot. exposure

5) senza posa without a pause, incessantly

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posa

/'pɔsa/

sostantivo f.

 1 (di piastrelle, cavo, binari ecc.) laying; posa della prima pietra the laying of the foundation stone

 2 art. fot. pose, sitting; mettersi in posa to pose; teatro di posa cinem. studio

 3 fig. (atteggiamento) pose, attire

 4 fot. exposure

 5 senza posa without a pause, incessantly.

चित्र a. [चित्र्-भावे अच्; चि-ष्ट्रन् वा Uṇ.4.163]

1 Bright, clear.

-2 Variegated, spotted, diversified.

-3 amusing, interesting, agreeable; Māl.1.4.

-4 Various, different, manifold; Pt.1.136; Ms.9.248; Y.1.288.

-5 Surprising, wonderful, strange; किमत्र चित्रम् R.5.33; Ś.2.15.

-6 Perceptible, visible.

-7 Conspicuous, excellent, distinguished; न यद्वचश्चित्रपदं हरेर्यशो जगत्पवित्रं प्रगृणीत कर्हिचित् Bhāg.1.5.1.

-8 Rough, agitated (as the sea, opp सम).

-9 Clear, loud, perceptible (as a sound).

-त्रः 1 The variegated colour.

-2 A form of Yama.

-3 The Aśoka tree.

-4 = चित्रगुप्त q. v. below.

-त्रम् 1 A picture, painting, delineation चित्रे निवेश्य परिकल्पितसत्त्वयोगा Ś.2.9; पुनरपि चित्रीकृता कान्ता Ś.6.2,13,21 &c.

-2 A brilliant ornament or ornament.

-3 An extraordinary appearance, wonder.

-4 A sectarial mark on the fore- head.

-5 Heaven, sky.

-6 A spot.

-7 The white or spotted leprosy.

-8 (In Rhet.) The last of the three main divisions of Kāvya (poetry). (It is of two kinds शब्दचित्र and अर्थ-वाच्य-चित्र, and the poetical charm lies mainly in the use of figures of speech dependent on the sound and sense of words. Mammaṭa thus defines it:-- शब्दचित्रं वाज्यचित्रमव्यङ्ग्यं त्ववरं स्मृतम् K. P.1. As an instance of शब्दचित्र may be cited the following verse from R. G. मित्रात्रिपुत्रनेत्राय त्रयीशात्रवशत्रवे । गोत्रारिगोत्रजैत्राय गोत्रात्रे ते नमो नमः ॥

-9 Anything bright which strikes the eye.

-1 Playing upon words, punning, using conundrums, riddles &c.

-11 A lotus....... मङ्गले तिलके हेम्नि व्योम्नि पद्मे नपुंसकम् । Nm.

-त्रम् ind. Oh !, how strange !, what a wonder ! चित्रं बधिरो नाम व्याकरणमध्येष्यते Sk.

-Comp. -अक्षी, -नेत्रा, -लोचना a kind of bird com- monly called Sārikā.

-अङ्ग a. striped, having a spot- ted body.

(-ङ्गः) 1 a kind of snake.

-2 N. of Arjuna.

(-ङ्गम्) 1 vermilion.

-2 yellow orpiment.

-अङ्गद a. decked with brilliant bracelets. (

-दा) N. of a wife of Arjuna and mother of Babhruvāhana.

-अङ्गदसूः f. an epithet of Satyavatī, mother of Vyāsa.

-अन्नम् rice dressed with coloured condiments; Y.1.34.

-अपूपः a kind of cake.

-अर्पित a. committed to a picture, painted. ˚आरम्भ a. painted; चित्रार्पितारम्भ इवावतस्थे R.2.31; Ku.3.42.

-आकृतिः f. a painted resemblance, portrait.

-आयसम् steel.

-आरम्भः a painted scene, outline of a picture; V.1.4. v. l.

-उक्तिः f.

1 agreeable or frequent discourse; जयन्ति ते पञ्चममित्रचित्रोक्तिसंदर्भविभूषणेषु Vikr.1.

-2 a voice from heaven.

-3 a surprising tale.

-ओदनः boiled rice coloured with turmeric &c.

-कण्ठः pigeon.

-कथालापः telling agreeable or charming stories.

-कम्बलः 1 painted cloth used as an elephant's housing

-2 a variegated carpet.

- कर 1 a painter.

-2 an actor.

-कर्मन् n.

1 an extraordinary act; धीर्न चित्रीयते कस्माद- भित्तौ चित्रकर्मणा Ks.6.5.

-2 ornamenting, decorating.

-3 a picture; Mu.2.4.

-4 magic. (-m.)

1 a magi- cian, one who works wonders.

-2 a painter. ˚विद् m.

1 a painter.

-2 a magician.

-कायः 1 a tiger in general.

-2 a leopard or panther.

-कारः 1 a painter.

-2 N. of a mixed tribe; (स्थपतेरपि गान्धिक्यां चित्रकारो व्यजायत Parāśara).

-कूटः N. of a hill and district near Pra- yāga; दृप्तः कुकुद्मानिव चित्रकूटः R.12;15;13.47, U.1.

-कृत् a. astonishing, surprising. (-m.) a painter.

-कोलः a kind of lizard.

-क्रिया, -कृत्यम् painting; आहूय स्वसुता- वासे चित्रकृत्ये न्ययुङ्क्त माम् Ks.71.82.

-क्षत्र a. Ved. having manifold power, or one whose wealth is visible; चित्रक्षत्र चित्रतमं वयोधाम् Rv.6.6.7.

-ग, -गत a.

1 painted, drawn in a picture; संपूर्णलक्षणा देवी प्रतिभाति स्म चित्रगा Ks.5.31.

-2 coloured, variegated.

-गन्धम् yellow orpiment.

-गुप्तः one of the beings in Yama's world recording the vices and virtues of mankind; नामान्येषां लिखामि ध्रुवमहम- धुना चित्रगुप्तः प्रमार्ष्टु Mu.1.2.

-गृहम् a painted room.

-जल्पः a random or incoherent talk, talk on various subjects.

-तण्डुलम् a medicinal plant said to possess anthelmintic virtues.

-त्वच् m. the Bhūrja tree.

-दण्डकः the cotton-plant.

-धा ind. in many ways; तर्कयामास चित्रधा Bhāg.3.13.2.

-न्यस्त a. painted, drawn in a picture; Ku.2.24.

-पक्षः the francoline partridge.

-पटः, -ट्टः 1 a painting, a picture.

-2 a coloured or chequered cloth.

-पद a.

1 divided into various parts.

-2 full of graceful expressions.

-पादा the bird called Sārikā.

-पिच्छकः a peacock.

-पुङ्खः a kind of arrow.

-पृष्ठः a sparrow.

-प्रतिकृतिः f. representation in colours, a painting, a picture.

-फलः, -फलकः A kind of large flat fish; L. D. B.

-फला 1 A smaller kind of flat fish.

-2 N. of several plants.

-फलकम् a tablet for painting, a picture-board.

-बर्हः a peacock;

-भानु a. of a variegated colour, shining with light; चित्रभानुरुषसां भात्यग्रे R.7.9.3; प्रपूर्वगौ पूर्वजौ चित्रभानू Mb.1.3.57.

(-नुः) 1 fire; पुच्छैः शिरोभिश्च भृशं चित्रभानुं प्रपेदिरे Mb.1.53. 5.

-2 the sun; (चित्रभानुर्विभातीति दिने रवौ रात्रौ वह्नौ K. P. 2 given as an instance of one of the modes of अञ्जन).

-3 N. of Bhairava.

-4 the Arka plant.

-5 Śiva.

-6 an epithet of the Aśvins.

-7 the first year of the first cycle of Jupiter.

-भाष्यम् A diplomatic speech; Mb. 5.35.71.

-भूत a. painted.

-मण्डलः a kind of snake.

-मृगः the spotted antelope.

-मेखलः a peacock.

-योधिन् a. fighting in a wonderful manner; लब्धास्त्रश्चित्रयोधी च मनस्वी च दृढवतः 5.17.3. (-m.) an epithet of Arjuna.

-रथः 1 the sun.

-2 N. of a king of the Gandharvas, one of the sixteen sons of Kaśyapa by his wife Muni; अत्र मुनेस्तनयश्चित्रसेनादीनां पञ्चदशानां भ्रातॄणामधिको गुणैः षोडश- श्चित्ररथो नाम समुत्पन्नः K.136; V.1.

-लिखनम् painting.

-लिखित a.

1 painted.

-2 dumb, motionless (as in a picture).

-लेख a. of beautiful outlines, highly arched; रुचिस्तव कलावती रुचिरचित्रलेखे श्रुवौ Gīt.1.

(-खा) 1 a portrait, picture.

-2 N. of a friend and companion of Uṣā, daughter of Bāṇa. [When Uṣā related to her her dream, she suggested the idea of taking the portraits of all young princes in the neighbourhood; and on Uṣā's recognising Aniruddha, Chitralekhā, by means of her magical power, conveyed him to her palace.]

-लेखकः a painter.

-लेखनिका a painter's brush.

-वदालः the sheat-fish.

-वनम् N. of a forest near the Gaṇḍakī.

-वाजः a cock.

-विचित्र a.

1 vari- ously coloured, variegated.

-2 multiform.

-विद्या the art of painting.

-शाला a painter's studio.

-शिखण्डिन् m. an epithet of the seven sages:--मरीचि, अङ्गिरस्, अत्रि, पुलस्त्य, पुलह, क्रतु and वसिष्ठ; मरीचिरत्र्यङ्गिरसौ पुलस्त्यः पुलहः क्रतुः । वसिष्ठश्च महातेजास्ते हि चित्रशिखण्डिनः ॥ Mb.12.335.29. ˚जः an epithet of Bṛihaspati.

-शिरस् m.

-शीर्षकः a kind of venomous insect.

-श्रीः great or wonderful beauty.

-संस्थ a. painted.

-हस्तः a particular position of the hands in fighting.

SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications

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Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.

With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.

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● self-abasement, autoumiliazione; svilimento di sé stesso □ self-abnegation, abnegazione; spirito di rinuncia (o di sacrificio) □ self-absorbed, che pensa solo a sé stesso; assorbito dai propri affari; egocentrico, egoista □ self-absorption, l'essere assorbito dai propri affari; egocentrismo, egoismo; (fis. nucl.) autoassorbimento □ self-abuse, cattivo uso delle proprie capacità; ( anche, eufem.) masturbazione □ (leg.) self-accusation, autoaccusa □ self-acting, automatico: a self-acting door, una porta automatica □ self-action, automatismo □ ( di congegno esplosivo) self-activating, a innesco automatico □ (psic.) self-actualization, autorealizzazione □ self-addressed, con l'indirizzo del mittente; preindirizzato: Please enclose a self-addressed envelope, siete pregati di allegare una busta col vostro indirizzo □ self-adhesive, autoadesivo (agg.) □ (tecn.) self-adjusting, ad autoregolazione □ self-admiration, narcisismo □ self-advancement, arrivismo; carrierismo □ self-aggrandizement, affermazione (o estensione) della propria potenza □ (psic.) self-analysis, autoanalisi □ self-applause, l'elogiarsi da solo; autoincensamento □ self-appointed, autonominatosi □ self-appreciation, apprezzamento di sé; compiacimento □ (tecn., comm.: di un oggetto) self-assembly, da montare ( da parte dell'acquirente) □ self-asserting (o self-assertive), che si fa valere; autoritario □ self-assertion, il farsi valere; il far valere i propri diritti; (psic.) autoaffermazione □ self-assessment, autovalutazione; (fisc.) autotassazione □ ( di titolo, ecc.) self-assumed, assunto senz'averne il diritto □ self-assurance, sicurezza di sé; fiducia nelle proprie capacità □ self-assured, sicuro di sé □ self-aware, consapevole di sé □ self-awareness, autocoscienza □ self-belief, fiducia in sé stesso; sicurezza di sé □ self-betrayal, il tradirsi da solo □ (agric.) self-binder, mietitrice legatrice automatica; mietilega □ self-catering, con uso di cucina: self-catering accommodation, sistemazione ( senza pasti) con uso di cucina; DIALOGO → - Back from holiday- Was the holiday self-catering?, la vacanza era in appartamento con uso cucina? □ (tur.) self-catering holidays, vacanze in appartamento d'affitto (o in camping) □ (mecc.) self-centering chuck, mandrino autocentrante □ (autom., mecc.) self-centering shoes, ganasce autocentranti ( di freno a tamburo) □ self-centred, egocentrico □ self-centredness, egocentrismo □ ( banca) self-cheque, assegno pagabile all'emittente □ (tecn.) self-cleaning, autopulente □ self-closing, che si chiude da sé; a chiusura automatica □ self-collected, padrone di sé; calmo; dotato di sangue freddo □ self-coloured, monocromatico, a tinta unita; di colore naturale □ self-combustion, autocombustione □ self-command, autocontrollo □ self-complacence, self-complacency, autocompiacimento □ self-complacent, che si compiace di sé; borioso; vanitoso □ self-composed, calmo; padrone di sé □ self-conceit, presunzione □ self-conceited, presuntuoso; pieno di sé □ self-condemnation, autocondanna □ self-confessed, confesso, dichiarato: a self-confessed thief, un ladro confesso; a self-confessed drug addict, uno che ammette di drogarsi □ self-confidence, sicurezza di sé; fiducia in sé stesso; □ self-confident, sicuro di sé □ self-congratulatory, autocelebrativo □ self-conscious, imbarazzato, timido, impacciato; (filos.) cosciente di sé, autocosciente □ self-consciousness, timidezza, imbarazzo, impaccio; (filos.) autocoscienza □ self-consistency, coerenza □ self-consistent, coerente □ a self-constituted judge, una persona che s'arroga il diritto di giudicare □ (econ.) self-consumption, autoconsumo □ self-contained, ( di persona) riservato; padrone di sé; indipendente; ( di oggetto) autosufficiente, completo, autonomo, indipendente; (mecc.) autonomo: a self-contained community, una comunità autonoma; a self-contained flat, un appartamento indipendente □ a self-contained electric lamp, una lampada elettrica ( portatile) a batteria □ self-contempt, disprezzo di sé □ self-content, il contentarsi □ self-contented, che s'accontenta della sua condizione □ self-contradiction, contraddizione in termini; mancanza di coerenza, incoerenza □ self-contradictory, che si contraddice da solo; contraddittorio; incoerente □ self-control, autocontrollo; padronanza (o dominio) di sé; imperturbabilità □ self-controlled, padrone di sé; imperturbabile □ (tecn.) self-cooled, autoraffreddato; a raffreddamento automatico □ (ling.) self-correction, autocorrezione □ self-critical, autocritico □ ( anche polit.) self-criticism, autocritica □ self-debasement, autoumiliazione; svilimento di sé stesso □ self-deceit (o self-deception), l'illudersi; il lusingarsi; l'ingannare sé stesso; illusione □ self-deceived, illuso □ self-declared = self-proclaimed ► sotto □ self-defeating, controproducente; autolesionistico (fig.) □ self-defence, autodifesa, difesa personale ( lotta, ecc.); difesa di sé, dei propri interessi e beni; (leg.) legittima difesa: in self-defence, per legittima difesa □ self-degradable, biodegradabile □ self-delusion = self-deceit ► sopra □ self-denial, abnegazione; rinuncia; altruismo □ self-denying, (agg.) pieno di abnegazione; che si impone (o accetta) rinunce; altruista; parco, frugale □ (econ.) self-dependent, autosufficiente □ self-deprecating, che disapprova sé stesso; di autocritica; troppo modesto □ self-deprecation, autocritica; eccessiva modestia □ (tecn.) self-destroying, che si autodistrugge □ self-destruction, autodistruzione ( anche mil.); suicidio □ self-destructive, autodistruttivo; che tende a distruggersi; suicida □ self-determination, (polit.) autodeterminazione, autodecisione; (filos.) libero arbitrio □ self-development, lo sviluppo delle proprie capacità; (econ.) sviluppo autonomo □ self-devotion, abnegazione; dedizione □ (telef.) self-dialled call, telefonata in teleselezione □ self-discipline, autodisciplina □ self-disciplined, autodisciplinato; dotato di senso del dovere □ self-distrust, mancanza di fiducia in sé stesso □ self-doubt, dubbio sulle proprie capacità; mancanza di fiducia in sé; insicurezza □ self-doubting, irresoluto; incerto □ (autom.) self-drive hire, noleggio senza autista □ (mecc.) self-driven, semovente □ (ind. min.) self-dumping car, vagone a cassa inclinabile □ self-educated, autodidatta □ self-effacement, il tenersi nell'ombra; modestia □ self-effacing, che si tiene in disparte; schivo; che resta (o vive) nell'ombra □ self-elected, autoelettosi; che si è scelto liberamente: a self-elected job, un lavoro di propria libera scelta □ ( di un'assemblea) self-elective, che elegge i propri membri; elettivo: a self-elective body, un organo elettivo □ self-employed, indipendente; che lavora in proprio; autonomo □ (econ.) self-employed people (o workers), gli (o i lavoratori) autonomi NOTA D'USO: - lavoratore autonomo- □ (econ.) self-employment, lavoro autonomo (o in proprio) □ self-esteem, stima di sé; amor proprio; (spreg.) presunzione □ self-evident, chiaro di per sé; ovvio; lampante; lapalissiano □ self-examination, esame di coscienza; introspezione □ (elettr.) self-excited, autoeccitato □ (leg.: di un provvedimento, ecc.) self-executing, precettivo; che si applica subito □ self-explaining (o self-explanatory), che si spiega da sé; ovvio □ ( arte, pedagogia) self-expression, libera espressione della propria personalità □ self-feeding, (mecc.) alimentazione automatica; (comput.) autoavanzamento □ (bot., zool.) self-fertilization, autofecondazione □ (econ.) self-financed, autofinanziato □ (econ.) self-financing, (agg.) che si autofinanzia; (sost.) autofinanziamento: self-financing ratio, rapporto di autofinanziamento ( di un'azienda) □ ( ottica) self-focusing, autofocalizzante □ self-forgetful, dimentico di sé; disinteressato; altruista □ self-forgetfulness, disinteresse; altruismo □ self-fulfilling = self-realizing ► sotto □ self-fulfilment = self-realization ► sotto □ self-funding = self-financing ► sopra □ (polit.) self-governing, indipendente; autonomo □ (polit.) self-government, autonomia; autogoverno □ (med.) self-graft, autotrapianto □ self-harm, lesioni (pl.) autoinflitte □ (bot.) self-heal ( Brunella vulgaris), brunella □ self-help, (sost.) l'aiutarsi da solo, il contare sulle proprie forze, il risolvere da solo i propri problemi, self-help (psic.); (leg.) autotutela; (med.: di un malato) autosufficienza: self-help books, libri che insegnano a migliorare la propria vita; (psic.) self-help group, gruppo di self-help □ (med.) self-hypnosis, autoipnosi □ self-ignition, (mecc.) autoaccensione; (fis., chim.) accensione spontanea, autocombustione □ self-importance, alta opinione di sé; boria; presunzione □ self-important, borioso; presuntuoso □ a self-imposed task, un compito assunto volontariamente □ (leg.) self-incrimination, autoincriminazione □ (elettr., mecc.) self-induced, autoindotto □ (elettr.) self-inductance, autoinduttanza □ (elettr.) self-induction, autoinduzione □ self-indulgence, indulgenza verso sé stesso □ self-indulgent, indulgente con sé stesso; ( anche) che indulge ai piaceri della vita □ self-inflicted, inflitto da sé □ self-inflicted injury, autolesione □ self-injurer, autolesionista □ self-injury, autolesione □ self-instructed, che ha imparato da solo: a self-instructed man, un autodidatta □ self-instructor, manuale; guida □ self-insurance, autoassicurazione □ self-interest, interesse personale; tornaconto; egoismo □ self-interested, egoistico □ a self-interested man, un egoista □ self-invited, che s'è invitato da solo; autoinvitatosi □ self-justification, il giustificarsi □ self-justifying, che si giustifica; (tipogr.) a giustificazione automatica □ self-knowledge, consapevolezza di sé; conoscenza di sé stesso □ ( di un debito) self-liquidating, autoliquidantesi □ (mecc.) self-loading, a caricamento automatico; automatico: a self-loading pistol, una pistola automatica □ self-locking, che si chiude da sé; autobloccante □ self-love, amore di sé; egoismo; egocentrismo □ self-made, (che si è) fatto da sé: a self-made man, un uomo che s'è fatto da sé □ ( di stampato, ecc.) self-mailer, pieghevole ( che si spedisce per posta senza bisogno di busta) □ self-managed learning, apprendimento autogestito □ (econ.) self-management, autogestione □ self-mastery = self-control ► sopra □ self-medication, automedicazione □ self-murder, suicidio □ (mecc.) self-moving, semovente □ self-neglect, trascuratezza; trasandatezza □ self-obsessed, narcisistico □ self-opinion, boria, presunzione, arroganza; caparbietà, testardaggine □ self-opinionated, borioso, presuntuoso, arrogante; caparbio, testardo □ self-perpetuating, che si perpetua da solo: The prices-wages spiral is self-perpetuating, la spirale prezzi-salari si alimenta da sola □ self-pity, autocommiserazione; vittimismo; il piangersi addosso □ self-pitying, che si autocommisera; che si piange addosso; vittimista □ (bot.) self-pollination, autoimpollinazione; impollinazione diretta; autogamia □ self-portrait, autoritratto □ self-possessed, calmo; composto; padrone di sé □ self-possession, controllo dei propri nervi; calma; compostezza; padronanza di sé: to lose one's self-possession, perdere la calma □ self-praise, lode (o elogio) di sé; autoincensamento □ self-preservation, autoconservazione □ (tecn.) self-priming, autoadescante ( di una pompa) □ self-proclaimed, autoproclamato; dichiarato: a self-proclaimed racist, un razzista dichiarato □ self-promotion, il farsi propaganda da solo; autopromozione □ (mecc.) self-propelled, a propulsione autonoma; autopropulso; motorizzato; semovente: (mil.) self-propelled artillery, artiglieria semovente; (miss.) a self-propelled missile, un missile autopropulso □ (mecc.) self-propulsion, autopropulsione □ self-protection = self-defence ► sopra □ a self-publicist, uno che si fa la pubblicità da solo; uno che si batte la grancassa (fig.) □ ( cucina) self-raising flour, farina con l'aggiunta di bicarbonato di sodio; farina autolievitante □ self-realization, il realizzarsi ( nel lavoro, ecc.) □ self-realizing, che si realizza; che appaga le proprie aspirazioni □ (leg.) self-redress, autotutela □ self-regard, (grande) considerazione di sé e dei propri interessi □ self-regarding, interessato, egocentrico; egoista; pieno d'amor proprio □ self-registering, a registrazione automatica □ (mecc.) self-regulating, a regolazione automatica; autoregolatore □ self-regulatory, autoregolamentato □ self-reliance, fiducia in sé □ self-reliant, che ha fiducia in sé □ (leg.) self-remedy, autotutela □ self-renunciation = self-sacrifice ► sotto □ self-reproach, senso di colpa; rimorso □ (elettr.) self-reset, ripristino automatico □ self-respect, rispetto di sé; amor proprio; dignità □ self-respecting (o self-respectful), che ha amor proprio; dignitoso □ self-restraint, riserbo, riservatezza; dominio di sé, autocontrollo □ self-restrained, riservato; padrone di sé □ self-righteous, moralistico; che si crede più virtuoso degli altri; farisaico; ipocrita □ self-righteousness, moralismo; fariseismo; ipocrisia □ (tecn.) self-righting, (sost.) autoraddrizzamento; (agg.) di autoraddrizzamento, autoraddrizzante: self-righting mechanism, meccanismo di autoraddrizzamento □ ( USA) self-rising flour = self-raising flour ► sopra □ (polit.) self-rule = self-government ► sopra □ (polit.) self-ruling, dotato di autogoverno □ self-sacrifice, sacrificio di sé; abnegazione; altruismo □ self-sacrificing, che si sacrifica per gli altri; pieno d'abnegazione; altruistico □ self-satisfied, compiaciuto di sé; tronfio; borioso □ self-satisfaction, autocompiacimento; boria □ (elettron.) self-saturation, autosaturazione □ (tecn.) self-selection, autoselezione □ self-seeker, egoista; chi cerca solo il proprio interesse □ self-seeking, (sost.) egoismo; (agg.) egoistico □ self-service, self-service: self-service restaurant [shop, petrol station], ristorante [negozio, pompa di benzina] self-service □ self-serving, egoista □ (bot.) self-sown, spontaneo: self-sown vegetation, vegetazione spontanea □ self-starter, (autom., mecc.) starter automatico, autostarter; (fig. fam.) chi si sa organizzare bene da solo ( nel lavoro, ecc.), persona efficiente □ self-study, (sost.) studio di sé stessi; ( anche) studio da autodidatta, autoapprendimento; (agg.) autodidattico, per autoapprendimento □ self-styled, sedicente □ self-sufficiency, (eccessiva) sicurezza di sé, sicumera, presunzione; (econ.) autosufficienza, autarchia □ a self-sufficiency policy, una politica autarchica □ self-sufficient (o self-sufficing), (troppo) sicuro di sé, presuntuoso, che si dà arie di sufficienza; (econ.) autosufficiente: a self-sufficient country, un paese autosufficiente □ self-suggestion, autosuggestione □ self-supporting, in grado di mantenersi da solo; (econ.) autosufficiente, indipendente, autonomo; (tecn.) autoportante, autoreggente: self-supporting people, persone autosufficienti ( non a carico) □ self-surrender, arrendevolezza; accondiscendenza □ (econ.) self-sustained, autosostentato: self-sustained growth, sviluppo autosostentato □ self-sustaining = self-supporting ► sopra □ self-tanning cream, crema autoabbronzante □ (mecc.) self-tapping, autofilettante: a self-tapping screw, una vite autofilettante □ self-taught, autodidatta: a self-taught man, un autodidatta □ (fisc.) self-taxation, autotassazione □ (comput.) self-test, prova automatica; verifica automatica □ (fotogr.) self-timer, autoscatto □ self-training, autoaggiornamento ( di docenti, ecc.) □ (naut.) self-trimmer, (nave) autostivante □ (autom., mecc.) self-tuning, (agg.) che si registra da solo; dotato di autoregistrazione; (sost.) autoregistrazione ( di un motore) □ (naut.) self-unloader, (nave) autoscaricante □ self-will, caparbietà; ostinazione; il fare di testa propria □ self-willed, caparbio; ostinato; che fa di testa propria □ ( d'orologio) self-winding, a carica automatica □ self-worship, egolatria; egotismo □ self-worshipper, egolatra; egotista □ self-worth, autostima.

1 commissione; comitato: a Royal Commission, una commissione reale ( nominata dal sovrano); a commission of inquiry, una commissione d'inchiesta

2 commissione; commessa; incarico: to carry out a commission for sb., fare una commissione per q.; work done on commission, lavoro fatto su commissione ( da un artista)

3 (comm.) commissione; provvigione: We sell goods [bonds, etc.] on commission, vendiamo merce [titoli, ecc.] a provvigione; to earn 5% commission, ricevere una commissione del 5 per cento; commission on sales, provvigione sulle vendite; ( banca) commission on current account, commissione su conto corrente

4 (leg.) autorità, potere (di fare qc.); strumento che li conferisce: (in GB) commission of anticipation, potere di riscuotere le imposte in anticipo

5 (leg.) esecuzione, perpetrazione, commissione ( di un reato)

6 (mil.) brevetto da ufficiale; nomina a ufficiale: to get one's commission, essere nominato ufficiale; to resign one's commission, dimettersi da ufficiale

7 [u] (naut.: di nave) servizio attivo; armamento; ( anche) entrata in servizio: in commission, in servizio, in armamento; out of commission, in disarmo, fuori servizio

● (comm.) commission account, conto provvigioni □ commission agent, (comm.) commissionario; ( Borsa) commissionario di borsa □ commission broker, (GB) = commission agent ► sopra; ( USA, Borsa) commissionario di borsa □ commission house, casa commissionaria; ( USA, Borsa) società di commissionari di borsa □ commission manufacturer, industriale che produce su commessa □ commission merchant, commissionario □ (mil.) commission rank, grado d'ufficiale □ ( di veicolo, ecc.) out of commission, fuori servizio; fuori uso; guasto.

1 commissionare, ordinare: to commission a portrait, commissionare un ritratto; to commission a feasibility study, commissionare uno studio di fattibilità

2 incaricare; commissionare a: He was commissioned to write a biography of Churchill, è stato incaricato di scrivere una biografia di Churchill

3 (comm.) dare una commessa a; fare un'ordinazione a

4 autorizzare; delegare; incaricare: I commissioned my bank to pay my taxes, ho delegato alla banca il pagamento delle mie imposte

5 (mil.) dare il brevetto di ufficiale a; nominare ufficiale: to be commissioned, ricevere il brevetto d'ufficiale

6 (naut.) mettere in armamento, allestire, armare ( una nave)

7 (tecn.) mettere in servizio, mettere in funzione ( un impianto, ecc.).

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SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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He began his working life in banking but soon went into glassmaking and in 1829 he moved to London to open a glass warehouse. On hearing of the first practicable photographic processes in 1834, Claudet visited Paris, where he received instruction in the daguerreotype process from the inventor Daguerre, and purchased a licence to operate in England. On returning to London he began to sell daguerreotype views of Paris and Rome, but was soon taking and selling his own views of London. At this time exposures could take as long as thirty minutes and portraiture from life was impracticable. Claudet was fascinated by the possibilities of the daguerreotype and embarked on experiments to improve the process. In 1841 he published details of an accelerated process and took out a patent proposing the use of flat painted backgrounds and a red light in dark-rooms. In June of that year Claudet opened the second daguerreotype portrait studio in London, just three months after his rival, Richard Beard. He took stereoscopic photographs for Wheatstone as early as 1842, although it was not until the 1850s that stereoscopy became a major interest. He suggested and patented several improvements to viewers derived from Brewster's pattern.

Claudet was also one of the first photographers to practise professionally Talbot's calotype process. He became a personal friend of Talbot, one of the few from whom the inventor was prepared to accept advice. Claudet died suddenly in London following an accident that occurred when he was alighting from an omnibus. A memoir produced shortly after his death lists over forty scientific papers relating to his researches into photography.

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